Abstract
The rapid evolution of modern warfare has significantly increased the importance of semiconductors, particularly compound semiconductors, in enabling the development of advanced defence technologies. Unlike conventional silicon-based semiconductors, compound semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), and Silicon Carbide (SiC) offer superior power efficiency, thermal stability, high-frequency performance, and radiation resistance, making them critical for radar systems, electronic warfare, satellite communication, directed energy weapons, and autonomous military platforms. As global technological competition intensifies, the control of semiconductor supply chains and critical materials has emerged as a major national security concern. In this context, India is increasingly focusing on strengthening indigenous capabilities and trusted semiconductor ecosystems for strategic applications. This article examines the growing role of compound semiconductors in high-performance defence systems and their strategic significance in future warfare. It further analyses India’s emerging indigenous ecosystem, key technological challenges, supply-chain vulnerabilities, and the policy measures required for strengthening strategic semiconductor capabilities and technological self-reliance.
